Sunday, October 5, 2025

The Turn of the Screw

 

Book: The Turn of the Screw
Basic Information : Synopsis : Characters : Expectations : Thoughts : Evaluation : Book Group : New Words : Book References : Good Quotes : Table of Contents : References

Basic Information:

Author: Henry James

Edition:  ebook on Google Play Books from Gutenberg

Publisher: Penguin Books

ISBN: 9780140620610 (ISBN10: 0140620613)

Start Date:  9/12/25

Read Date:  10/5/25

121 pages

Genre:  Fiction, Horror, Book Group

Language Warning:  None

Rated Overall: 3½   out of 5


Fiction-Tells a good story: 3 out of 5

Fiction-Character development: 4 out of 5



Synopsis (Caution: Spoiler Alert-Jump to Thoughts):

This is a Christmas time fireside ghost story, retold through the eyes of a governess. The governess is engaged by an uncle of an orphaned boy and girl. His one condition is that she is not to contact him, whatsoever. She meets Flora, an eight year old who she sees as totally innocent. Later, Miles returns having been expelled from school. He is tagged as similar to Flora.


But the house at Bly is haunted by the ghosts of the ex-valet and the ex-governess. They are after the children and the new governess tries to save the children from their spirits.



Cast of Characters:

  • Unnamed-governess. 20 years old. Youngest daughter of a parson. Narrator of story.

  • Flora-_ year old girl who was the charge of the governess

  • Miles-ten year old boy who was the charge of governess

  • Mrs. Grose-Head housekeeper. Illiterate, but has a home-experience wisdom.

  • Peter Quint-Former master’s valet who died. While alive, he was clever and deep. Had a bad reputation. His appearance described as a horror. Red curling hair, queer whiskers, pale face. Tall.

  • Miss Jessel-Former governess who died within a year of leaving Bly. She had been at Bly one year.

  • Master-A mostly behind the scene person who does not play into the book very much


Expectations:
  • Recommendation: Molly
  • When: September 11, 2025
  • Date Became Aware of Book:???
  • Why do I want to read this book: Book group book and it is October. Time for all things strange and weird.
  • What do I think I will get out of it? I have read it before, but it has been a long time ago

Thoughts:

This is a slow moving story, full of mystery of what happened when two of the key people who oversaw a house died. A new governess comes in and is confronted with mysterious appearances of the two people who the children seem to know about. The children are increasingly under the control of the apparitions. The question is first, is the governess hallucinating and then what to do about the situation.


The setting is idyllic at Bly. Everything is provided for, the grounds are well cared for with a park like setting. And yet evil invades. In some ways, this is a retelling of the Garden of Eden.


On the first reading of the story, I thought it was a ghost story. But on the second reading I wonder if the governess is mad. Apparently James left a lot of room in his story for multiple interpretations. Such as what was the evil which Quint did? How did Quint and Jessel die? Were the children just sick of being left with governesses and wanted to be reunited with their mysterious uncle? Or is Mrs Grose trying to cover up her lack of previous integrity. There are many ways to look at this book. Each one is plausible and each one gives the story a different perspective.


Note: Henry James is the brother of William James, the psychologist.



The Turn of the Screw

This is a preamble where James sets the stage for the narrator to read a document he has about a strange occurrence in Bly. It is Christmas time and apparently, Christmas must have been the time for ghost stories-thing of Dicken’s A Christmas Carol.


The story had held us, round the fire, sufficiently breathless, but except the obvious remark that it was gruesome, as, on Christmas Eve in an old house, a strange tale should essentially be, I remember no comment uttered till somebody happened to say that it was the only case he had met in which such a visitation had fallen on a child. This was a good way to start the book and may be James’ strongest line.


It is in this chapter where the book title comes from, another turn of the screw. Think of applying pressure to a situation.


The narrator’s friends ask will the story be about sheer terror? He replies that it is more for dreadfulness.


Gives some background on the governess. She was twenty when she answered an advertisement. It had been placed by a bachelor who had an orphaned niece and nephew which he needed cared for. He did not want anything to do with them. He was wealthy and had a second house in the country where they stayed. That is where the work would be. The governess would be the supreme authority over the children.


The governess saw her employer only during the two interviews. His condition of employment is that he was never to be bothered.



I

Introduction to Bly-the location-and Flora and Mrs Gosse. All very favorable and serene.


II

Miles comes back to Bly. Also there is an unopened letter from the school which Miles is at via the governess’ employer. When opened, it said that Miles is not welcome back at school.


III

Upon meeting with Miles, the governess sees nothing but goodness in him. first time, in a manner, that I had known space and air and freedom, all the music of summer and all the mystery of nature. Just the phrasing is wonderful.


The one thing which the governess missed was a sense of approval.Otherwise everything seemed to be idyllic. Isn't it at this time when things are at their peak that a good author will then issue a statement to say there is a change. Such as Adam and Eve in the garden and the snake appears.


In this case, a man appears which she does not recognize. He is not close by, but not far away. Just far enough that she cannot call out to him. He just passes her by without speaking.


IV

The governess is left with two mysteries:

  1. Who is this mysterious man who she saw?

  2. Why did Miles get sent down from his school

As the governess and Mrs Grose were leaving for church, the governess saw the man again outside of a window. And then he disappeared.


V

The governess describes the man to Mrs Grose. She said that he was a horror. Grose said that it is Peter Quint, the master’s valet, who died.


VI

The governess has found a trustworthy companion to figure out what to do with Quint. It is a relief to share. I see how much common ground we must have found in the one idea that, by good fortune, could steady us. It was the idea, the second movement, that led me straight out, as I may say, of the inner chamber of my dread.


The governess notes that Quint was looking for someone and comes to the conclusion it was Miles. He wants to appear to them. But why?


Too free with my boy?” “Too free with everyone!” What does this mean? Mrs Grose knew Quint was bad, but the master did not want to hear of this.


Mrs Grose kept back something. I was sure, moreover, by morning, that this was not from a failure of frankness, but because on every side there were fears.


Quint died after coming home from a public house, slipped on the road.


The governess pictured herself as a hero. that I could succeed where many another girl might have failed. It was an immense help to me—I confess I rather applaud myself as I look back!—that I saw my service so strongly and so simply.. But was this too much over their heads? At least she had Mrs Gose. We were cut off, really, together; we were united in our danger. She was now faced with protecting the children.


Another apparition appeared when the governess was out with Flora. It was not Quint.


VII

This new apparition is identified as Miss Jessel. The governess knows that Flora also saw Jessel and did not raise an alarm. This indicated to the governess that Flora and Miles knew about Quint and Jessel. The governess thinks that Miles and Flora are lost.


The description which the governess gives about Jessel is Worse than dislike?”—this left her indeed at a loss. “With a determination—indescribable. With a kind of fury of intention.”


VIII

Mrs Grose noted that Miles had been under Quint’s direct influence for several months and that Jessel had protected that relationship. Also Flora was with Jessel.


They now are trying to reconcile Miles’ angelic being with his hidden devilish tendencies.


IX

Life settles down with the governess looking after the children. She notes that there seems to be times when one or the other will distract her so she does not have track of the other. But it seems very minor.


Late one night she detects a presence. When she investigates, she is confronted by the appearance of Quint. It is a standoff.


X

When she returned to her room with Flora, Flora was missing. Flora said that she was looking for the governess. They had a dialogue but it was a stalemate on who was looking for what.


That was the last time she saw Quint in the house. But she did come across Jessel for an instant.


There were also other times when the children would get up in the middle of the night and it would seem to communicate with the apparitions. One time Miles was outside and Flora was watching him, but also face to face with Jessel. Quint may have been on top of the house.


XI

The governess was the one with insight and imagination. Mrs Grose was a magnificent monument to the blessing of a want of imagination. Interesting phrasing. We all think of imagination, the ability to dream, as being good. Here James notes that there is a certain steadfastness to concentrating on tasks at hand.


The governess talks with Miles about why he was outside that night. He replies, If I tell you why, will you understand? This is an interesting thought, how often we want to tell somebody something, but they will not understand? We all approach what we receive from our own preconceived notions. This does not allow us to understand what the person is trying to say. What Miles wants the governess to know is that Think me—for a change—bad! He is tired of the angelic look and wants to be something different.


He then reveals that he and Flora work together to deceive the governess.


XII

The governess talks to Mrs Grose some more about the children and their communications with the dead. She feels that they are possessed-that Quint and Jessel own them. They seem angelic because they are hollow. Mrs Grose wants the governess to write the master. But she refuses.


XIII

Life goes on Bly with an uneasy dance the children have with their governess. They never discuss, nor talk about things which would lead to a discussion, about what they children are seeing. But the governess feels that whatever the governess knew, the children had seen more-things terrible and unguessable and that sprang from dreadful passages of intercourse in the past.


XIV

On the way to church, Miles brings up the subject of going back to school, since it is past time to return. The governess is elusive in her answer. He wants to let the master know and resolve the situation. This is something which the governess has committed not to do.


XV

The governess leaves the church and returns back to Bly with the idea of quietly leaving. She finds that Jessel is in the schoolroom, sitting like she will be writing a letter.


XVI

The governess talks with Mrs Grose. It is decided that the governess needs to write to the master.


XVII

The governess is writing the letter, but goes past Miles’ room. He asks her to come in. She tries to find out why he wants to go to school and why he was expelled from his old school. He is elusive. She ends the conversation saying she just wants to save him. He lets out a loud, shriek of sound.


XVIII

She has written the letter, but not sent it yet. The children were exemplary. This child [Miles], to my memory, really lives in a setting of beauty and misery that no words can translate. Beauty and misery side by side.


Miles plays the piano for the governess. This was just a ruse to have Flora escape watch.The governess grabs Mrs Grose and they search outside for Flora.


XIX

Mrs Grose and the governess pursue Flora to the lake. Flora has taken the boat across the lake. The governess notes that Flora is not alone and should not be thought of as a child, rather as an old, old woman. What does this mean? Does it mean that Jessel inhabits Flora’s body or at least mind? The chapter ends with the governess asking, Where is Miss Jessel?


XX

Jessel appears, but only the governess can see her. Mrs Grose does not. Flora says she does not. Mrs Grose and Flora leave while the governess confronts Jessel. It sounds like neither wanted to be around a crazy woman. The question is which is the crazy lade: the governess or Jessel?


When the governess returns, Flora’s stuff has been moved. Miles seeks out the governess.


XXI

Flora awakes the next morning feverish. The governess is in a bad place because she is seeing things which nobody else says they see. But Mrs Grose has heard from Flora the horrors of what she is experiencing during her fevers.


The governess convinces Mrs Grose to take Flora to her uncle, the master.


That letter which was set out to go to the uncle, Miles stole it. The conjecture is that Miles got in trouble at the school.


XXII

Now it was Miles and the governess without the support of Mrs Grose and the distraction of Flora. there was a queer relief, at all events—I mean for myself in especial—in the renouncement of one pretension.


Miles was given his freedom to do what he wanted. He did eat dinner with her. There he inquired about Flora. The governess thinks she is carrying off her program magnificently.


XXIII

Miles is clearly not comfortable with the new arrangement. They talk and Miles understands that the governess is there for him. She leaves it at last to have him tell her if he took her letter to the master.


In a previous talk with Mrs Grose, the governess noted that if Miles would confess to this, then he could still be saved. This sounds almost like a Christian formulation.


XXIV

At this, Quint comes to the window and looks in. he offered once more to the room his white face of damnation. The governess makes sure that Miles is facing away from the window. The governess describes the scene as: It was like fighting with a demon for a human soul, and when I had fairly so appraised it I saw how the human soul—held out…


Miles confesses. He saw that there was nothing in the letter and burnt it. They talk about school. He did not steal or burn things. He said things. He only talked with a few people, friends-people whom he liked. The governess realizes if he were innocent, what then on earth was I? Isn’t that true with all of us. We can condemn others, but if we look closely, our words condemn ourselves.


Miles knows there is a presence and asks if it is Jessel. No. The governess demanded he identify who “he” is. Peter Quint. With that Quint disappeared.


James does not say what Miles said to get him in trouble. This is one of the places which James allows several interpretations. I am back to wondering what Quint's evil. There is the relationship between Quint and Jessel which seems to have at least illicit overtones, if not sexual. I am wondering what the relationship between Miles and Quint was. I wondered if Quint was a pedofile and Miles talked about that to his fellow students. More speculation.


With the stroke of loss I was so proud of he uttered the cry of a creature hurled over an abyss, and the grasp with which I recovered him might have been that of catching him in his fall. I caught him, yes, I held him—it may be imagined with what a passion; but at the end of a minute I began to feel what it truly was that I held. We were alone with the quiet day, and his little heart, dispossessed, had stopped.




Evaluation:

The Turn of the Screw is a slow moving story, which may need a second read to start to grasp the possibilities of the story. On one level, it is a straight-forward ghost story which fills the characters of the story with dread and some terror. But looked at a different way, the story can be one of a crazy woman who is hallucinating, endangering the children she is charged with caring for.


That is what makes this story a must read-it is a study in perception. What is really the truth behind what happens? You may never know what was in James’ mind when you read it.



 
Notes from my book group:


I have heard you “accost” former students about this book. What makes it such a good read to you?


What does James mean in the opening chapter by another turn of the screw? How does this play out throughout the book?


James makes a distinction between terror and dreadfulness. Do you agree that this story is more about a dreadful situation rather than the terror of the situation? Would you agree if you were the governess? Why does James make this differentiation?


What are ghosts or apparitions?


The opening chapter has a group of friends at Christmas time, wanting a scary story. This is the result. Do you think this was a good set up for the story? Do you think they got the scary story they wanted? Why do so many ghost stories open around Christmas time?


Did you find the governess a reliable narrator?


Why do you think the governess accepted the position at Bly?


Do you think the governess was really seeing ghosts or was hallucinating? Much of the story turns on this perception and what James is telling. How does it make a difference in the ways in which the story is thought about?


What is the danger which James presents?


What do Miles and Flora know about the apparitions?


Why is the narrator’s, the governess, name not given?


Why does Miles get expelled from school? (Spark)


What is the nature of the evil Quint did?


What is the relationship between the governess and Mrs Grose? Do you think Mrs. Grose shared the sense of being a confidant?


How would the story have been told differently if told from Mrs Grose’s viewpoint?


Why does the uncle, the master, want to stay away and not be bothered by the things of Bly?


Would you have contacted the uncle, even with the stern prohibition against it? Why doesn’t the governess do that?


What does Quint and Miss Jessel want with Miles and Flora? Why?


In chapter XI, Miles explains why he was outside that night. He begins with If I tell you why, will you understand? Why do you think Miles thinks the governess would not understand? He then says Think me—for a change—bad! Why would he want that? Did this have something to do with him being expelled from school? What pressures do people have to always being pictured as good?


What is the difference between Miles being bad and Quint being evil? Or the difference between being bad and being evil?


How does the reputation of each of the characters play a part in the story? (The governess, Quint, Miss Jessel, Mrs Grose, the master)


What was the relationship between Miles and Quint when Quint was alive?


What does Quint was “Too free with my boy?” “Too free with everyone!” mean?


At the end of chapter XVII, Miles lets out a loud shrek when the governess says she wants to save him. What does this mean?


At the end of the story, James says that Miles’ heart stopped. Do you think he died? Why did he die or what is James saying? Why doesn’t James come right out and say that Miles died?


Mrs Grose was a magnificent monument to the blessing of a want of imagination. Talk about this statement. Why would the lack of imagination be a blessing? Why does this act as a counterpoint to the governess?


What does the author want us to feel when we read this book?


How do you want your life to change because you read this book?



Many of these questions are either from or adapted from LitLovers.

Why the title of The Turn of the Screw?

Does this story work as a ghost story?

Did the ending seem fitting? Satisfying? Predictable?

Which character was the most convincing? Least?

Which character did you identify with?

Which one did you dislike?

Every story has a world view. Were you able to identify this story’s world view? What was it? How did it affect the story?

In what context was religion talked about in this book?

Was there anybody you would consider religious?

How did they show it?

Why do you think the author wrote this book?

What would you ask the author if you had a chance?

What “takeaways” did you have from this book?

What central ideas does the author present?

Describe the culture talked about in the book.

How is the culture described in this book different than when we live?

What economic or political situations are described?

Does the author examine economics and politics, family traditions, the arts, religious beliefs, language or food?

How did this book affect your view of the world?

Of how God is viewed?

What questions did you ask yourself after reading this book?

Talk about specific passages that struck you as significant—or interesting, profound, amusing, illuminating, disturbing, sad...?

What was memorable?

Reading Groups General Fiction Guide



From Penguin/Random House Books (PRH) also a pdf with more questions.

1. In The Turn of the Screw, the misbehavior of the children, Miles and Flora, as the story progresses makes us suspect that they are not as innocent as they seem. And yet the source of their misbehavior is left ambiguous: Is it natural mischievousness or has it been instigated by an evil, corrupting force in the form of the ghosts of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel? Trace through the story the changes in the way the governess views the children and their misbehaviors. How does the uncertainty about the children, and their possible awareness of the ghosts, intensify the governess’s predicament?

2. In the beginning chapters of the story, the governess recounts several unsettling events: The children’s uncle insists that he not be bothered with anything relating to the children’s care; we learn of the death of the governess’s predecessor, Miss Jessel; and we learn that sweet and charming Miles has been expelled from school. These are just some of the forebodings that set the stage for the supernatural events that soon follow, and so when the governess first relates the appearance of a ghost it doesn’t seem entirely unexpected. To what degree is the governess a force of sense and reason in these unsettling surroundings, and to what degree does she become a destabilizing force herself as the story progresses? How does our answer to this question affect our understanding of the story’s ending?

3. Any interpretation of The Turn of the Screw hinges on the question, debated vociferously by critics, of whether the ghosts of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel are real or whether they are figments of the governess’s imagination. What are the implications of the governess’s imagining them? If we read this not as an actual ghost story but as a story about the governess’s perceptions of ghosts, what sort of psychological underpinnings are suggested? Could it be in these dimensions that the real horror of the story may lie?

SparkNotes (Spark)- These notes will also provide some answers as well

Why does Miles get expelled from school?

Why doesn’t the governess contact the uncle?

Can Miles and Flora see the ghosts of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel?

Why doesn’t the governess leave Bly?

Does Miles die at the end of the story?



From CourseHero (CH) - Also has answers

How does The Turn of the Screw make use of the conventions and motifs of gothic fiction?

What does Flora mean when she tells the governess, "I don't like to frighten you!" in Chapter 10 of The Turn of the Screw?

Why do the children use the word dear to address the governess in The Turn of the Screw, and what effect does it have?

What is the significance of the governess's impoverished upbringing in The Turn of the Screw?

How are religion and churches important in The Turn of the Screw?

How do characters in The Turn of the Screw seduce other characters, and what effect does seduction have in the novella?

What role does the audience of houseguests in the Prologue play in The Turn of the Screw?

Why is the governess alarmed by Peter Quint's appearance when she sees him for the third time—on the staircase—in Chapter 9 of The Turn of the Screw?

How are the towers at Bly significant in The Turn of the Screw?

How does The Turn of the Screw approach the topic of sexual abuse and child molestation?

How does the governess's point of view change after the events of The Turn of the Screw have passed?

In The Turn of the Screw, what is the significance of Miss Jessel's appearance and actions in the schoolroom?

How and why is the word free used in The Turn of the Screw to describe Peter Quint and his influence on Miles?

How does the uncle's absence at Bly impact The Turn of the Screw's characters?

How does the governess's attitude toward the ghosts affect her character in The Turn of the Screw?

How do the governess's sightings of Peter Quint change as The Turn of the Screw progresses?

How do the governess's sightings of Miss Jessel change as The Turn of the Screw progresses?

What is Douglas's significance in The Turn of the Screw?

Why does the governess describe herself as a "screen" in Chapter 6 of The Turn of the Screw?

What is the significance of games and imaginary characters in The Turn of the Screw?

How does Miles's expulsion from school affect The Turn of the Screw's plot and outcome?

Why does Miles threaten to bring his uncle to Bly in Chapters 14 and 17 of The Turn of the Screw?

How does Mrs. Grose in The Turn of the Screw compare and contrast with the governess?

What role does the physical setting of Bly play in The Turn of the Screw?

When Miles tells the governess he is "getting on," what does this suggest about his character in Chapter 14 of The Turn of the Screw?

In The Turn of the Screw, what role does the weather play?

How does the governess's love for the children's uncle in The Turn of the Screw affect the plot and outcome of the story, as well as the story's other characters?

Why does James use words associated with decay and depravity to describe the characters and setting in The Turn of the Screw?

What role do books, stories, and fiction play in The Turn of the Screw?

How does James use metonymy—the representation of a concept by an object physically associated with the concept—in The Turn of the Screw?

In The Turn of the Screw how do class distinctions affect the characters and plot?

How does The Turn of the Screw emphasize the difference between hearing spoken words and reading written words?

How does The Turn of the Screw employ references to locks, enclosures, and traps?

How does Chapter 24 of The Turn of the Screw use bestial metaphors to heighten the story's tension?

How does The Turn of the Screw explore the idea of repression through the governess and the children?

How does The Turn of the Screw explore the idea of the unconscious mind through the governess?

For what purpose does The Turn of the Screw never clearly explain the cause of Miles's death?

How does the scientific study of ghosts in the 19th century impact The Turn of the Screw?

How is the word bad contrasted with the word evil in The Turn of the Screw, and why is the difference significant?

Why does the governess compare Miles and Flora to fairies and otherworldly creatures, and how does her viewpoint affect her character in The Turn of the Screw?

How is fire important in Henry James's The Turn of the Screw?

How does The Turn of the Screw portray the characters' claustrophobia and suffocation?

In The Turn of the Screw, how do the characters' physical appearances both conceal and reveal their personalities?

How does the title The Turn of the Screw reflect the story's plot twists and themes?

How is Miles and Flora's use of language important in The Turn of the Screw?

How is childhood associated with innocence and adulthood with corruption in The Turn of the Screw, and how does James subvert these associations?

How does the governess in The Turn of the Screw compare and contrast with Miss Jessel?

Why does the governess believe the children see and talk to ghosts in The Turn of the Screw?

How are letters—read and unread, sent and unsent—essential to The Turn of the Screw's plot?

How does isolation play a role in The Turn of the Screw?


Aberdeen University Book Club

1. What motivates the governess to accept such an unusual position?

2. Describe the circumstances surrounding each appearance of an apparition.

3. How does Mrs. Grose come to believe in the presence of the ghosts? In your opinion, are the ghosts real, or are they manifestations of the Governess's imagination?

4. Why does James emphasize so strongly the sweetness and innocence of the children? What, if anything, do you think the ghosts are trying to do to the children?

5. Why does the governess fail to investigate Miles' expulsion from school?

6. What is gained by having the governess relate the story?

7. How do you account for little Flora's illness at the end of the story?

8. What does the governess think of her employer?

9. Is it important that this was the governess' first position?

10. How responsible is the governess for the fate of the children?

11. Why are the Governess and Mrs. Grose so disturbed by the idea that the children might know about the illicit relationship between Miss Jessel and Peter Quint?

12. What exactly is so scary about Peter Quint (aside from the fact that he's dead)?

13. How does James imply that the governess resembles a ghost?

14. Give two different interpretations of the scene in which the governess and Mrs. Grose find Flora by the lake and argue for one interpretation over the other.

15. Give two significant examples of James’s use of deliberate ambiguity and offer two different interpretations of each example.



Vancouver Island Regional Library Study Questions (pdf) - not really about the book, but about paranormal.



New Words:
  • interdict-an authoritative prohibition
  • crenelations-the battlements of a castle or other building
  • Udolpho-a mysterious, ominous castle in Ann Radcliffe's 1794 Gothic novel, The Mysteries of Udolpho
  • gray prose-material and research produced by organizations outside of the traditional commercial or academic publishing
  • infamous-deprived of all or some citizens' rights as a consequence of conviction for a serious crime. (there are more usual meaning, but I was wondering if there was something more unusual)
  • prevaricated-speak or act in an ambiguous or evasive way to conceal the truth or avoid committing oneself.
  • Mrs. Marcet-an English salonnière of Republic of Geneva descent, and an innovative writer of popular, explanatory science books.
  • perambulations-a walk around a parish, forest, etc. in order to officially assert and record its boundaries.
Book References:

Good Quotes:
  • First Line: The story had held us, round the fire, sufficiently breathless, but except the obvious remark that it was gruesome, as, on Christmas Eve in an old house, a strange tale should essentially be, I remember no comment uttered till somebody happened to say that it was the only case he had met in which such a visitation had fallen on a child.
  • Last Line: We were alone with the quiet day, and his little heart, dispossessed, had stopped.
 
Table of Contents:
  • The Turn of the Screw
  • I
  • II
  • III
  • IV
  • V
  • VI
  • VII
  • VIII
  • IX
  • X
  • XI
  • XII
  • XIII
  • XIV
  • XV
  • XVI
  • XVII
  • XVIII
  • XIX
  • XX
  • XXI
  • XXII
  • XXIII
  • XXIV


References:
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