Sunday, November 11, 2018

Listening In

Book: Listening In: The Secret White House Recordings of John F. Kennedy
Basic Information : Synopsis : Characters : Expectations : Thoughts : Evaluation : Book Group : New Words : Book References : Good Quotes : Table of Contents : References

Basic Information:
Author: Ted Widmer
Edition: eBook on OverDrive from Fresno County Public Library
Publisher: Grand Central Publishing
ISBN: 1401324568 (ISBN13: 9781401324568)
Start Date: October 23, 2018
Read Date: November 11, 2018
320 pages
Genre: History
Language Warning: Low
Rated Overall: 3 out of 5


History: 4 out of 5



Synopsis (Caution: Spoiler Alert-Jump to Thoughts):
Kennedy was the first President to make extensive use of taping to record the important decisions of his presidency. In addition, there is some recordings from before he became president. These recordings range from a 1940’s radio interview to just ten days before his assassination. The subjects include his outlook on history, politics, civil rights, Cuba, the bomb, Space, Vietnam, and the world.

Caroline Kennedy has a blurb describing her father as well as her feelings on hearing the tapes. Then Ted Widmer talks about the taping systems and circumstances behind the taping. Most of those recorded did not know they were being recorded.


Cast of Characters:
John F. Kennedy
Jackie Kennedy
Robert F Kennedy
Various politicians, both state and federal


Expectations:
Recommendation: JFK Library and Museum
When: October 22, 2018
Date Became Aware of Book: October 22, 2018
How come do I want to read this book: When visiting the JFK Library and Museum, it talked about that Kennedy has secretly installed a recording device in the Cabinet room. He could control when recordings would be made and when it would not. Having heard some of the discussion concerning the Cuban Missile Crisis, it sounded interesting being a fly in that room for their discussions.
What do I think I will get out of it? Insight to how decisions were made in the Kennedy administration.


Thoughts:
The book is divided into nine sections. There is an introduction to give context to each section. Then a series of tapes in each section. Each tape has an introduction as well to indicate the subject matter, date, and participants.

One comes away with the thought that Kennedy in his speeches expressed high sounding, perfectly cadenced talks. But in this conversations, there is hesitations, lots of assumptions, and ordinary sounding words.


Introduction
248 hours of meetings and 17.5 hours of telephone conversations, along with dictated thoughts.

Three things which these tapes are good for:
  • Insight and understanding of the decisions made by Kennedy
  • An understanding of how the Presidency actually works.
  • The people at that level are still people, like the rest of us. They have concerns, fears, joy, happiness. There are relationships in the most unexpected places.
History as it is being made is not a straight line.Also sometimes things need the proper timing.

It is noted that Kennedy’s publicity campaigns allowed him to do some rather impressive work.

Mythology exists for a reason: we tell ourselves stories to explain complicated subjects…

For the great enemy of truth is very often not the lie--deliberate, contrived, and dishonest--but the myth--persistent, persuasive, and unrealistic. Too often we hold fast to the cliches of our forebears. We subject all facts to a prefabricated set of interpretations. We enjoy the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of thought. John F Kennedy, June 11, 1962, Yale Commencement Speech


One: History
Dinner Party Conversation, January 5, 1960
Kennedy is asked why a well-to-do person like himself does not just sit back and live off of the benefits of being rich? Or at least go into law and become a high profile lawyer? Kennedy responds that he could have gone into law-he did go to law school for a period. But to what end? Divorce lawyer? Estate lawyer? Even a high profile case going after a big-name company? But as a member of Congress, you get to affect a number of lives in a comparatively short amount of time.

JFK: … if you didn’t have that power of desire, the United States and every place else would collapse! That’s what moves the country and the world. ...I’m just saying the center of action … is the presidency. Now if you are interested, which many, many people are, … the presidency is the place to be, in the sense of if you want to get anything done.

Kennedy is asked how do you get over a sense of loss after a defeat? His response is he does not know. Even when we lost the bid to be Vice-President, he was still a senator.

The conversation went around to money in politics. Cannon says that he thought about going into politics, but thought he should have an independent source of money. Kennedy did not agree. He has seen a lot of people in politics and did not find that they were in particular dishonest. He then goes on and says that There’s so many kinds of being dishonest, the money part is just only one of them. I don’t really think … that people with money are more honest than those who aren’t. The conversation about money in politics, particularly those who have money going into politics. Kennedy points out that most of his colleagues-1960 and before-do not have money. But even if you do have money, you are still susceptible to pressure. That is that most politicians are anxious people-anxious ultimately to get re-elected. He points out two things:
  • If you have money, this [politics] is their tremendous chance to break through the rather narrow lives they may lead.
  • Then talking about being beaten in an election, the concern is being cut off from this fascinating life at mid-age, …
Kennedy points out that when campaigning, I think you have to be able to communicate a sense of conviction and intelligence and rahter, some integrity.


Dictabelt Recording, Circa 1960
This tape seems to be a remembrance of why Kennedy went into politics and his road leading up to the presidency.

A politicians power may be great, and with this power goes the necessity of checking it.

Kennedy understood it is the politicians who make the great decisions of the day. In our society, everything depends on the government and what it decides.

The exercise of vital powers, along lines of excellence, in a life affording them scope" is an old Greek definition of happiness. Through all Greek history that spirit of life abounding moves. From Edith Hamilton’s The Greek Way

Kennedy raises the question, why do politicians keep looking for bigger and better positions, particularly if they enjoy the position they are currently in and are doing well:
  • Normal desire to move ahead
  • Greater opportunity to determine the direction things will go.
  • The scope and power are bigger.

The magic of politics is participating on all levels of national life in an affirmative way, of playing a small role in determining whether, in Mr Faulkner’s words, “freedom will not only endure, but also prevail.”


Meeting with Vice Admiral Hyman Rickover, February 11, 1963
Much of the meeting was on the state of education. Kennedy asks, why is it that children today are so fixated on television? Rickover says that there is two reason why people like them were educated:
  • Parents like Kennedy’s did not want their children spoiled by money so they forced them to face the world.
  • Rickover was born into poverty and education was the way out.
Rickover says that everything which parents did (1960’s-when I was being raised) was to make it easy on their kids.

Rickover makes the argument that Kennedy should push education. Without education, the rest of Kennedy’s administration goals will not work.


Two: Politics

Call from Attorney General Robert F Kennedy
Discussed tactics on obtaining de-segregation in schools. Both Kennedy’s felt it should have worked its way through the courts rather than direct confrontation.

Call to Lou Harris, August 23, 1963
Lou Harris noted to Kennedy that people are more and more aware on the issues, and know the congressmen less, than the other way around. In Washington, you get the feeling that it’s only the congressmen that count and the issues don’t matter.


Three: Civil Rights

Meeting with Americans for Democratic Action Leaders, May 4, 1963
The Birmingham, Alabama protests where dogs were set to attack protestors had just happened. Kennedy met with some civil rights leaders and was lamenting that there was nothing the federal government could do about these attacks. How much has changed since then? Protesters are no longer attacked by dogs. But chances are if the police shoots someone, they can claim self defense and most of the time get away with it.

Meeting about Birmingham, Alabama, May 21, 1963
Robert Kennedy goes over the incidents which lead Martin Luther King, Jr into prominence. Some of it was himself and the circumstances. But other some of it was careful planning and stagecraft by him.

Robert Kennedy continues on with what have we learned. This included:
  • Biracial (now it would be multiracial) committees made up of local people who can talk with one another about the problems each are facing.
  • Problem is that there is a feeling that there is no solution for the problems they are facing.
  • Being able to air their grievances.
  • Government needs to lead the way, if it is to be an honest broker. In this case, the federal government was not hiring blacks into good jobs such as postal workers.
Meeting with Civil RIghts Leaders, August 28, 1963
Roy Wilkins comments that having Kennedy’s understanding and blessing turned the protests into orderly protests. It changed the mood.

Walter Reuther remarked that legislation gives the people tools, but it is not the solution in of itself. It takes people, of the whole community, of goodwill to come together to implement the legislation.

Civil Rights takes a crusade to achieve.


Meeting with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr, September 19, 1963
Despair leads to frustration. Frustration leads to violence. Combine despair and frustration with feeling threatened you have a recipe for an explosion which will out run the philosophy of nonviolence. To counteract this, there needs to be a feeling that there is hope and a sense of protection.


Four: Cuba
Kennedy was supported in this crisis with a superb leadership team which functioned effectively together. The chief aim was to improve Kennedy’s options.


Five: The Bomb
Let us resolve to be master, not the victims, of our history.

Meeting with Senator Henry “Scoop” Jackson, September 9, 1963
Kennedy’s comment about Republicans still stands true today, along with the inverse: you’ll find there’s a hell of a vested interest in proving any Democratic president to be wrong or soft on Communism.

Interesting that Kennedy thought that the Test Ban Treaty with Russia was probably going to be a short term treaty. It sounds like Kennedy and Jackson did not think the treaty was a great hindrance to us. We still had underground testing as well as the extrapolation and simulation the scientists do.


Six: Space

Meeting with James Webb, Jerome Wiesner, and Robert Seamans, November 21, 1962
Kennedy lays out why he thought going to the moon was the top priority-this was a competition with the Russians to say who was superior. Rather than guns and bombs, this was like the Olympics-a draw for other nations to show that democracy produced better results than communism. It was not a discovery of scientific information-that was only a by-product. James Webb thought that it was a basic ability in this nation to use science and very advanced technologies to increase national power, our economy, all the way through.


Seven: Vietnam
No Notes

Eight: The World As It Is

Meeting on India and china, May 9, 1963
When we give a commitment to defend a county, we have to mean that ultimately we would use nuclear weapons if need be.

Meeting with Asia Specialists, November 19, 1963
Kennedy wanted to recast the Cold War and its binary logic into something different where we were supporting nations because of who they were rather than tools and pawns of the Cold War.


Nine: The Burden and the Glory
No notes


Evaluation:
Do not expect to hear the high phrases which Kennedy would use in his speeches, even though there are some, or an at depth analysis of what is being said. The value of this book, and if you choose to, the recordings, is that you can listen in on the everyday conversations between Kennedy and his advisors. You hear the advice he got, some of the questioning he asked, and the directions he gave. That is the true value of this book.

 
Notes from my book group:
Many of these questions are either from or adapted from LitLovers.
  • Why the title of Listening In?
  • Did the get a better picture of Kennedy and his thoughts before he made decisions?
  • What is the ethics of recording people who are not made aware that they are being recorded? Does being President give JFK the right to do this?
  • Every story and person has a world view. What world view did Kennedy and his advisors bring to the Presidency?
  • Why do you think this book was created?
  • What would you ask the author if you had a chance?
  • What “take aways” did you have from this book?
  • How did this book affect your view of Kennedy? The Presidency?
    • What questions did you ask yourself after reading this book?
  • Talk about specific passages that struck you as significant—or interesting, profound, amusing, illuminating, disturbing, sad...?
    • What was memorable?


New Words:

  • Arabrine: Mepacrine (INN), also called quinacrine (USAN) or by the trade name Atabrine, is a drug with several medical applications.

Book References: 
  • The Guns of August by Barbara Tuchman
  • Conversations with Kennedy by Ben Bradlee
  • Politics USA: A Practical Guide to the Winning of Public Office by James M Cannon
  • Education and Freedom by Vice-Admiral Hyman Rickover

Good Quotes:

  • First Line: John F. Kennedy may have been the youngest president elected and a supreme modernist in a modernist age, but he also possessed an acute sense of his nearness to the American past.
  • Last Line: Kennedy!
  • For the great enemy of truth is very often not the lie--deliberate, contrived, and dishonest--but the myth--persistent, persuasive, and unrealistic. Too often we hold fast to the cliches of our forebears. We subject all facts to a prefabricated set of interpretations. We enjoy the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of thought. John F Kennedy, June 11, 1962, Yale Commencement Speech
  • A politicians power may be great, and with this power goes the necessity of checking it. Dictabelt Recording, Circa 1960
  • The exercise of vital powers, along lines of excellence, in a life affording them scope" is an old Greek definition of happiness. Through all Greek history that spirit of life abounding moves. From Edith Hamilton’s The Greek Way
  • Democracy is the worst form of government except for all of the other systems that have been tried. Winston Churchill
  • The magic of politics is participating on all levels of national life in an affirmative way, of playing a small role in determining whether, in Mr Faulkner’s words, “freedom will not only endure, but also prevail.” Dictabelt Recording, Circa 1960
  • Let us resolve to be master, not the victims, of our history. Quoted by Ted WIlmer of Kennedy at the University of Maine.
    Table of Contents:
    • Introduction
    • One: History
    • Two: Politics
    • Three: Civil Rights
    • Four: Cuba
    • Five: The Bomb
    • Six: Space
    • Seven: Vietnam
    • Eight: The World As It Is
    • Nine: The Burden and the Glory

    References:


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